One god, many wars: religious dimensions of armed conflict in the middle east and north africa8/26/2023 ![]() The divisive nature of the religion has often resulted in serious political confrontations within the realm between groups of different Islamic ideologies. It also serves as a strong cultural force that has historically unified or divided people. The differences between the divisions have contributed to conflict or open warfare. The practice of Islam in day-to-day life takes different forms in the various divisions of the religion. The second trait is Islam: most of the people in the realm are Muslims. Most people in the realm are more dependent on the availability of water than on the availability of oil. This aspect of the realm reveals the importance of water as a valuable natural resource. Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan have vast regions of desert with few if any inhabitants. About one third of the Arabian Peninsula is part of the Empty Quarter of the Rub’ al Khali (Arabian Desert). North Africa has the largest desert in the world-the Sahara-which borders the Libyan Desert and the Nubian Desert. The overall fact is that vast areas of each region are uninhabited desert. The Mediterranean climate along the coastal areas attracts human development and is home to many large port cities. Other climate types include the type H highland climate (cold temperatures at the high elevations with moderate temperatures at the bases) of the mountains of the Maghreb, Iran, or Central Asia and the more moderate type C climates (especially Mediterranean climate) in the coastal regions bordering the sea. Though various climate types can be found in this realm, it is the dry or arid type B climates (desert and steppe) that dominate. The first key common trait relates to the climate of the region. The countries of the realm share three key dominant traits that influence all other human activities. Understand how the events of the 2011 Arab Spring affected the realm.Describe how the people of this realm gain access to fresh water.Outline the two cultural hearths and explain why they developed where they did.Understand three basic traits the countries of the realm all share. ![]() 10.1 Introducing the Realm Learning Objectives The Regions of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Turkestan The African Transition Zone is the southern boundary of the realm. Afghanistan is the only country of Central Asia that was not officially a part of the former Soviet Union.įigure 1. The suffix stan, meaning “land of,” is a common suffix for country names in Central Asia. ![]() Central Asia, also referred to as Turkestan, includes the “stan” countries from Kazakhstan to Afghanistan in the region between China and the Caspian Sea. Technically, the term Middle East only includes the five countries of Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq, but in common practice Middle East refers to all of Southwest Asia. The land on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea is frequently referred to as the Levant and is often included as a part of the Middle East. The second region, Southwest Asia, includes Turkey, Iran, the Middle East, and the Arabian Peninsula. Egypt has territory in both Africa and Asia through its possession of the Sinai Peninsula. The realm borders the Atlantic Ocean, the Sahara Desert, and the African Transition Zone. The countries in the North African region include the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea from Morocco to Sudan. The physical area of this realm is divided into three regions: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and the countries of Turkestan (the geographic region of Central Asia). The realm of North Africa and Southwest Asia is large in physical area, but its regions share a number of common qualities. 10 North Africa and Southwest Asia Introduction
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